The education system in EgyptNo longer the importance of education moot in any region of the world of contemporary international tests proved beyond any reasonable doubt that the beginning of real progress, but the only one in the world is education, and I have the essence of the conflict has changed in the world now where he became a race in education, but taking this conflict for political forms economic or military, is an educational Valjohr conflict because states progressing eventually through education, and all countries made and caused tremendous spurts of economic growth and military power or political succeeded in this progress as a matter of education.
This research aims to identify the most important problems facing education in Egypt and the most important solutions to those problems, and assess the state's efforts in the field of rehabilitation and treatment of problems of education, and also offers Find some recommendations that may be taken to resolve the Egyptian educational problems, the paper deals with the subject of education through
several axes, namely:
* define the concept of education.
* Analysis of the importance of education.
* outline of the educational system of Egypt.
* identify problems facing the Egyptian education, with the analysis of its causes.
* evaluating the state's role in the reform of the education and treatment of problems.
* attempt to explore the future of the Egyptian education.
The concept of education
Education in its broadest sense is any act or experience an impact on the composition of the mind, personality, or physical ability of the individual, and education is the process by which knowledge, values and skills accumulated from one generation to another in the community through the institutions.
And differs from the concept of education from the concept of learning Learning is changing almost continuously in the behavior of the student as a result of experience and practice, but if we add to this concept two other elements, namely: identification of behavior that must be learned and determine the conditions under which is this learning and create the conditions for it, and control the conditions that affect the behavior of learning so that this behavior becomes under our control in order to improve the quality and quantity, the addition of these two elements make our topic is education, and the teaching is the practical aspect of learning and technological education.
The importance of education
There is no doubt that the importance of education can not be ignored by any state, and in today's world education became absolutely necessary to achieve economic and social development of any country, not a secret one in our time the importance of education and learning, especially for developing countries, where is ignorance, development and identity triad problem for these countries, this represents a major education hub for the advancement of their own.
The bottom line is we can say that education plays a positive and vital role in the lives of both the individual and society, as follows:
· The importance of education for the individual
-mho Illiterate individual.
-tsoad Individual information in various fields, and make the individual open to other cultures and modern science.
Increase the ability of an individual to think and innovation and imagination.
Increased confidence in the individual himself, and its dimensions for extremist ideas and currents.
Increased individual's chances to improve his social status by improving the job situation.
· The importance of education for the community
- Helps education on social growth of individuals, and therefore it increases the chances of social mobility among members of society and classes.
- Help the community to take advantage of the wealth of available resources made available because of the country's human capabilities position to do so.
- To reduce the population growth rate, there is a close relationship between illiteracy and population problem.
- Increasing the degree of health awareness in the community where ignorance literacy leads to the neglect of the most basic health rules, which facilitates the transmission of serious diseases such as malaria, cholera and HIV, "AIDS."
- To reduce the deviation and extremism rates.
- Raise the level of the culture of dialogue as the most important factor in education is so, followed by family education factor media is, then meetings and cultural activities.
- To improve the human development situation of Egypt in the report of the United Nations Development Programme Human Development.
Egyptian educational system
Egyptian educational system is a centralized system under the control of the central government in Cairo, and is divided into several stages, namely:
- Basic education and primary education includes the stage of preparatory education.
- high school .
- Post-secondary education.
Because we will review pre-university education
Egyptian educational system
First: Basic Education:
Egyptian law forcing children to take and pass the primary and lower secondary education is organized and the majority of children to attend these schools, except for dropouts from education, aiming this stage to give a minimum level of education for children, and public schools are divided generally into two types of schools:
-mdarc Taught through the Arabic language: the government is studying the curriculum through the use of the Arabic language.
As for private schools generally be divided into three types:
Ordinary -mdarc: considering similar approaches to curriculum itchinessMieh but usually Mathtm student more than public schools because of financial support for the existing .ü language schools: studying the curriculum is similar to government curriculum but in English as well as the teaching of the French language and German .ü religious schools: derive these schools the support of some religious universities such as the Muslim Brotherhood and returned be in the western part of the Delta, and vary the curriculum offered in these schools what provides in-Azhar schools, government-backed II: secondary Education: divided secondary education into two parts, namely (general and technical): ü general secondary education: Aonksm into three phases, a first grade secondary II and secondary grade and third grade Althanoytksm school year in the first grade secondary year into two semesters, so that there is a continuous material taught throughout the year and dividing subjects between the first and second quarters and the student is examined in Chapter two previously studied in the first semester and other materials ending studied the end of the chapter Aldrasyalsnh school is divided in the second row secondary year into two semesters, so that the division of materials as follows: materials tested by the student and the calculated grades within the total at the end of the year and the material which is tested by the student may be added grades to Almjmuauejtar student at the beginning of the school year, one of the two divisions (scientific or literary ) according to their abilities and inclinations, so studying specialization material Division selected according Almjmootainay system students in the third grade secondary will study 9 Basic materials and three Ancthal 9 basic materials, including (3 substances are not added to the total and 6 only added to the total) and activities are not added to Mjmuaalencbh Division literary : students study Arabic language and foreign language first and language second foreign and history and geography and the student chooses material from the subjects of psychology and meeting, philosophy, Almntkabbalnsph of the Division of scientific Science: students study Arabic language and foreign language first and language second foreign and chemistry and physics and material Alahiabalnsph of the Division of scientific Mathematics: students study Arabic language and the first foreign language and second foreign language, chemistry and physics and material Riyaziatama for activities there are three types of activities (sports activity and technological education and activity in education) ü technical secondary education: offers this type of education programs take three or five years. And it includes the following fields: industrial, commercial and Alzeraih.mchakl education in Egypt and Ospabhaieny Egyptian educational system, with all its elements and all levels for a long time from many problems and challenges, which represent a real obstacle to the educational process and its development and therefore modernization and comprehensive development, and the problems of education in Egypt is very serious problems due to a multi-faceted and faces being; they are inherent in the previous four axes of the educational process, as follows: · first: for the teacher: ü The teacher is not qualified educationally and educationally correct format .ü material yield, which gets him a teacher too little is not enough to ensure the life of decent for the teacher, which makes the teacher feel the embarrassment, and reduces the same value when requested to students in the class that Ieithm private lessons. · Second: for the student: ü student's loss of confidence in the value of education and fear for their future .ü student's inability to take out of his talents and creative abilities may not be present in others, and may be very rare, and the fear of an interview that talent to mock or ridicule, or even punishment. · Third: for school: ü weakness possibilities and scientific means available in the school as a result of the weakness of support and funding available to schools .ü spirit of gloom and seriousness that lend their impact on the school, which reduces Hafzah for students to go to .ü great student overcrowding in classrooms, if contains the one-class fifty pupils or more. · Fourth: for the curriculum: ü rely on conservation and indoctrination all, even in scientific subjects of statistics, mathematics, physics issues .ü fillers in the curriculum without focusing on certain points .ü adopt curricula at all theoretical, not the practical side .ü inadequate curricula for continuous development of scientific old Valmnahj and there is no update of the books we are studying the qualitatively although there has been some updating formal .ü obvious gap between the contents of the curriculum and the requirements of the labor market. Evaluating the state's role in the repair and treatment Altalimitattabr the cause of the problems of education in Egypt and one of the most community issues controversial given the social implications, and so it was education is the cornerstone of the modernization and development of the program adopted by the Egyptian state, by virtue of its pivotal role in the Egyptian rights to build and develop their capabilities and expertise scientific and practical, and therefore occupies Education ranking advanced in the scale of priorities of development plans for Gmomh Almbarhually despite the positive trend General educational policies over the past decade and the efforts made towards the implementation of these policies on the ground, and the positive effects that have been achieved, the results came below the desired level, largely though not contrary to the expectations of many, so that with the exception approach to achieve the goal of full inclusion of children in the compulsory phase, the policy for education and for ensuring continuing education until the end of the stage goals basic education and acquisition of basic skills obligation assumed in the stage following her secondary stage has not yet been achieved in spite of twelve years after the start of the educational reform process, and the addition of patients spread of the phenomenon of private lessons in all phases education and among all social classes in urban and rural education in .mstqubl Msrtadd scenarios presented for the future of education in Egypt, but it could be limited to the scenarioYohat in key scenarios, namely: Scenario I: Optimistic scenario: The owners of this going to go to that education in Egypt will witness a comprehensive renaissance in the next two decades, and that the reforms carried out by successive Egyptian governments will ultimately lead to the betterment of education. Scenario II: scenario pessimistic: see owners of this trend that education in Egypt will witness a setback great catastrophe in the future, and that the reforms carried out by the governments of Egypt Successive will ultimately lead to the destruction of the Egyptian Education .khatmh and Tusiataatattabr educational process integrated system in which the material and moral elements overlap Providing appropriate educational environment is a prerequisite for improving the quality of education and the learning environment is not only the curriculum but include addition, teacher, student, equipment and supplies are limited, and as a successful educational process does not complete its corners without the continuous evaluation of the various components, and should not be limited development and modernization on all academic education operations, but must be extended to include technical education Oazaimcn make some general recommendations, which could contribute to its application in the face and solve the problems of education in Egypt, and the most important of those recommendations include: the shift from the idea that education responsibility of the government to the idea national education and the need to contribute to all sectors, including the private sector in the development of education and improve its quality. Support and expand the concept of partnership between the public sector and the private sector and non-governmental organizations in carrying the burden of the educational process as a national security issue, either in the management of the physical or human resources. - Encouraging the private sector to employ its potential in education funding, which helps him to fulfill their social obligations towards contributing to the development of private education in the local and global challenges facing Egyptian society. The development of laws and regulations that allow the achievement of a fair return on investment in the field of education, including working to attract investors in this vital area for the future of Egypt. Invite business and industry actors to engage with higher education institutions in the two-way and two identification required of graduate specifications, and participate in the financing of educational institutions .- emphasis on the use of methods of economic management to upgrade the performance of the educational services provided in accordance with modern international standards. Prepare for future map straightforward determined which roles of civil associations in the field of education so that they can meaningful participation in the development of education .- confirm the overall quality in our systems and educational institutions through the application of international standards in all elements of the educational system .- culture need to take advantage of the latest developments era of information technology innovations to provide new sources of education
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